Studies showed that Thyroxine can play an important role on fish growth, osmoregulation system, and other physiological activities. Since the direct effect of thyroxine on growth and metamorphose of bony fish larvae has not been yet approved, therefore, present study were carried out in Shahid Ansary propagation and cultivation farm in order to find out the way of effect of this hormone on the survirval rate and early growth stage of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fertiled eggs that were bathed in thyroxin with concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 ppm (each one, replicates) for 6 hours. Then they were transfered into large incubators (zoog) with running water. After HATCHING all larvae were placed in mentioned thyroxin concentration bath for another 6 hours before being transfered into large incubators.Larvae stayed inzoogs until the yolk-sac was absorbed. Finally, live silver carp larvae were counted in separated plates. Results of present study indicated that the ra tio of hatched eggs in 0.5 ppm of thyroxin concentration was higher than other treatment.

The Fisheries Research Laboratory, University of Zabol to investigate the Effect of different levels factors of pH on the PERCENTAGE of HATCHING (HP) and HATCHING efficiency (HE) cysts Artemia urmiana at five different pH (7, 7.5, 8, 8.3 and 9) were performed. Each treatment was replicated three times. During the experiment, all factors affecting HATCHING was fixed and the variable pH levels. After 24 hours of incubation system began, the number of nauplii and umbrella cysts forms and cysts were counted and the PERCENTAGE of HATCHING capacity was calculated. Based on the results, the PERCENTAGE of HATCHING ability of pH=8.3 was higher than other treatments and at HATCHING was observed at pH=9. Differences between treatments were very small and statistically not significant (P>0.05). Generally, the pH is an important factor in the hatched Artemia urmiana cysts and for optimization of the pH must be kept constant at 8.3.

Barbs are freshwater fish native to Southeast Asia. They are popular in aquarium fish trade due to large scales, bright color, schooling behavior, and ease of maintenance and breeding. Fairy shrimps are freshwater Anostracans which have a great importance to provide live food for cultured sturgeon, trout and ornamental fish due to high biomass, reproduction, growth rate, nutritional value and adaptation to freshwater. In this study that carried out at Azar Mahi ornamental fish farm, Tiger barb (Capoeta tetrazona) prawn ornamental fish after adaptation in two treatments were fed with cow heart and spinach- and fairy shrimp (Phallocryptus spinosa) in three replicates for 2 month. Also, all fish were fed one meal of granulated concentrate daily. The rearing and propagation condition and physic- chemical factors of water were provided at controlled condition for each group as the same. The results showed that prawns feeding with fairy shrimp had a significant higher mean fecundity (288.2±8.3) and HATCHING PERCENTAGE (72.1±0.9) compared to 199.0±7.0 and 64.5±0.5 for manual diets (p<0.05). Also, in group fed with fairy shrimp the duration of spawning time were reduced from 11± 0.12 to 8±0.7 days and their colors were significantly enhanced. The results revealed the significant increase in fecundity and HATCHING PERCENTAGE of Tiger barb prawns fed wuth fairy shrimp Phallocryptus spinosa.

Introduction and Objective: One of the main problems in feeding native hens for optimal egg production is mineral deficiency, especially calcium sources. Calcium is present in the blood plasma and is part of the cells and tissues of the body and is essential for the activity of some enzyme systems involved in the transmission of nerve currents, muscle contractions and normal heart rate and also along with phosphorus to transfer fat to the yolk. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of calcium and phosphorus on performance, immunity, characteristics of eggs, PERCENTAGE of bone calcium and phosphorous and PERCENTAGE of HATCHING in Khorasan province native hens. Material and Methods: A total of 200 native hens from Khorasan station were used in a completely randomized design (factorial arrangement) with 4 treatments, 5 replicates. Experimental diets based on two levels of Ca (2. 5 and 3. 5) and total P (0. 5 and 0. 75) per percent of diet. The hens had free access to water and food during the experiment. Eggs were collected and weighed daily in each pen and its mean was recorded as its weight and number. At the end of the experiment, one hen was selected from each replication, slaughtered and after isolating the femur, the PERCENTAGE of calcium and phosphorus was measured. Hemagglutination method was used to measure the antibody titer against SRBC. All data were analyzed using SAS software and the means were compared based on Tukey test. Results: The results showed that different levels and P did not show any effect on egg weight, egg production, egg mass, feed intake and FCR (p>0. 05). Levels of Ca have significant effect on the egg production, so that the highest egg production, egg mass and feed intake was observed in the 3. 5% Ca (p>0. 05). The interaction of phosphorus and calcium significantly changed the performance indices except egg weight, and The best feed conversion ratio was observed in the group receiving 0. 5% P and 3. 5% Ca (p<0. 05). Different levels of P did not show any effect on shell egg and thigh bone characteristics (p>0. 05). Increased P had no effect on the hatchability, but calcium caused an increase 3-9 percent of hatchability during the test period (p<0. 05). Increased calcium and phosphorus did not have any significant effects on immunity indexes (p<0. 05). Conclusion: Overall, the results of this experiment showed that the levels of 0. 5% P and 3. 5% Ca can be reported as levels of calcium and phosphorus requirement of native hens.

Light is one of the most important factors affecting the growth and survival of larvae in fish. In a 55-day experiment, the effects of light color and photoperiod on HATCHING PERCENTAGE, survival rate and larval growth indices in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were evaluated. Three light colors red, white and yellow and four light periods (20 D / 4 L, 16 D / 8 L, 10 D / 14 L, 4 D / 20 L and 0 D / 24 L) and natural situation as control group were tested in three replications. The results of this study showed that the highest PERCENTAGE of HATCHING (94. 86%) was observed in red light with darkness of 20 hours and the lowest (77. 13% and 77. 33%) in yellow and red light in 24 hours of brightness (P <0. 05). Twenty days after HATCHING, the highest survival PERCENTAGE and mean weight of larvae were observed in treatment with shorter photoperiod and red light, which had a significant difference with other treatments (p <0. 05); however, different photo period and light colors did not significantly affect the mean larval length at the end of the twentieth day After 55 days of feeding, a significant increase in weight, the best feed conversion ratio and the highest specific growth rate were observed in larvae that were exposed to longer photoperiod and yellow light (p <0. 05). In general, in the pre-hatch period, red light with longer darkness, and after-hatch yellow and white light with longer brightness can be effective in increasing HATCHING and growth.

Background and Objectives: Iran has different populations of Artemia that live in different climates and ecological conditions. Physicochemical conditions of lakes and lagoons have intensified the allopatric Artemia speciation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of one of the ions in these climates so that Artemia can be cultivated semi-naturally in some wetlands of Golestan province. Methods: To do this, the effect of four treatments (10, 16, 33, and 50%) of magnesium sulfate instead of other salts on cyst and growth parameters of Artemia franciscana was studied. Findings: There was a significant difference between the experimental groups in the Artemia growth index (P <0. 05). Maximum and minimum body lengths were observed in the control and 50% magnesium sulfate groups, respectively. Also, 33 % magnesium sulfate treatment showed a significant decrease in growth rate compared to the control treatment (p <0. 05) but did not show a significant difference with 50% magnesium sulfate treatment (P <0. 05). At low concentrations of magnesium sulfate growth rate insignificantly decreased in Artemia compared to control treatment. The highest and the lowest survival PERCENTAGE were observed in control and 50% magnesium sulfate, respectively. On the 15th day, the maximum and minimum survival rate was 83 % and 46% in control and 50% magnesium sulfate treatment, respectively. The highest HATCHING PERCENTAGE was observed in the control treatment and the lowest was observed in the 50% magnesium sulfate treatment. Increasing magnesium sulfate concentration significantly decreased the number of nauplii but increased the number of non-hatched cysts (P <0. 05). Moreover, the highest number of umbrella stages of Artemia was observed in the treatment with 50% magnesium sulfate. Maximum and minimum hatch efficiency were insignificantly observed in control and 50% magnesium sulfate treatments, respectively. The highest mortality of nauplii was significantly observed in the treatment with maximum magnesium sulfate. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that magnesium sulfate in high-level amounts limits the HATCHING and growth of Artemia which should not be introduced to such climates.

levothyroxine sodium hormone has a special relationship with early stages of growth, development and survival fish larvae. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of levothyroxine sodium hormone on PERCENTAGE of HATCHING, survival rate and the early growth stage of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). This study was carried out in Dalkhan propagation and cultivation farm, Sepidan, Shiraz. In order to find out the way of fertilized eggs, they were bathed in levothyroxine sodium with concentrations of 0, 0. 1, 0. 5 and 1. 0 mg/L (each one, triplicates) for six hours. Then they were transferred into troughf trays with running water. After HATCHING all larvae were placed in mentioned levothyroxine sodium concentration bath for another six hours into troughfs (without tray). Larvae stayed in troughfs until the yolk-sac was observed. Finally, live rainbow trout larvae were counted in seprated plates. Results of present study indicated that the highest ratio of hatched eggs (81. 42%± 1. 04) and survival larvae after the yolk – sac were observed (72. 90%± 0. 75) in 0. 5 mg/L of levothyroxine sodium concentration (P<0. 05). But the ratio of PERCENTAGE of HATCHING and survival larvae in the early growth stage, in 0 and 1 mg/L of levothyroxine sodium concentration, didn't indicate significant difference (P>0. 05). This suggests that Levothyroxine sodium can increase the PERCENTAGE of HATCHING and survival of larvae.

Background: Assisted HATCHING techniques are utilized to facilitate the embryo escape out of the zona pellucida and increase the pregnancy rates in IVF centers. The objective of this study was to evaluate if assisted HATCHING improved the rates of pregnancy for in-vitro fertilization, in Isfahan Infertility Center.Materials and methods: This case-control study was carried out on 296 infertile patients. Patients with assisted HATCHING were 131 (case group) and non-treated patients were 165 (control group). Patients' age, number of oocytes aspirated, number of oocytes fertilized, and numbers of embryos transferred were matched. The pregnancy was determined by positive b-HCG, 14 days after transfer; and implantation was defined as presence of gestational sac in uterus on sonography. Statistical analysis was done with the student t-test and X2 test. A Pvalue of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: No significant difference was noted in the mean age of patients, the number of oocytes aspirated, the number of oocytes fertilized, and the number of embryos transferred between the case and control groups. In addition, no significant difference was observed in the rates of pregnancy between the hatched and control groups (22.9% versus 20.6%, respectively).Conclusion: Assisted HATCHING has no significant impact on pregnancy rates in the patients population studied. Further data are needed to determine if assisted HATCHING has beneficial effect on pregnancy rate.

BACKGROUND: To reduce adverse environmental effects resulting from repeated use of chemical contaminants, herbal extracts are a natural suitable alternative in aquaculture.OBJECTIVES: The present study investigated the effects of Biarum carduchorum and Quercus InfectoriaGall extracts on PERCENTAGE of HATCHING and survival rate in the early growth stage of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae compared with malachite green (MG).METHODS: To assess the PERCENTAGE of HATCHING and survival rate in the early growth stage, B. carduchorum was used at 400 mg/l for 30 minutes per day, Q. Infectoria Gall at 40 mg/l for 30 minutes per day and MG as the positive control at 2 mg/l for 20 minutes per day. Normal control without any treatment was also included. Each treatment trial was provided in three replicates.Results: The obtained results showed that the mortality level in normal control was significantly higher than other groups in the HATCHING stage (p<0.05). Also, the mortality rate in eggs treated withB. carduchorum was significantly lower than both MG and Q. Infectoria Gall groups (p<0.05). The mortality rate in eggs treated withQ. Infectoria Gall was significantly higher than MG group (p<0.05). In addition, the mortality rate of the produced larvae was significantly higher in bothQ. Infectoria Gall group and normal control groups than the other two groups (p<0.05).CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that use ofB. carduchorum at 400 mg/L is able to significantly improve the survival rate of rainbow trout eggs and larvae during incubation period. It can be comparable to MG.